Strategic Information System: A source of Competitive Advantage

This literature review highlights the importance of Strategic information system (SIS) in business strategies. Strategic information system helps organizations to develop their generic strategies in order to attain competitive advantages. On the other side, Literature review focus on the business model and the role of strategic information system and highlights the role of information technology in the competitiveness of business model and the role of information technology in business process re-engineering. This literature also highlighted the importance of information technology in the development of Virtual organization. Keywords: Strategic information system, Information Technology, Business Process Re-engineering, Virtual Corporation, DE

Feasibility, Architecture and Cost Considerations of Using TVWS for Rural Internet Access in 5G

The cellular technology is mostly an urban technology that has been unable to serve rural areas well. This is because the traditional cellular models are not economical for areas with low user density and lesser revenues. In 5G cellular networks, the coverage dilemma is likely to remain the same, thus widening the rural-urban digital divide further. It is about time to identify the root cause that has hindered the rural technology growth and analyse the possible options in 5G architecture to address this issue. We advocate that it can only be accomplished in two phases by sequentially addressing economic viability followed by performance progression. We deliberate how various works in literature focus on the later stage of this ‘two-phase’ problem and are not feasible to implement in the first place. We propose the concept of TV band white space (TVWS) dovetailed with 5G infrastructure for rural coverage and show that it can yield cost-effectiveness from a service provider’s perspective

Use of Financial Instruments and Interaction with Islamic Financial Law

This research provide an analysis of how financial instruments are used in markets, and to what extent they are related to Islamic financial law. Islamic law prohibits usury, uncertainty, and those transactions that involve ambiguity. Conventional finance on the other hand is debt based and involves a lot of risk. We used structured interview questionnaire, and experts from the field of conventional and Islamic finance were interviewed. Results of structure interview reveal that many things are common between Islamic and conventional finance such as rent for services in case of both conventional and Islamic lease. The Murabaha is somewhat similar to asset backed risky loan. The features of Mudaraba are closer to European option such that profits from Mudarabah offset call price. In addition the deposits are collected under both systems. This research also found that best financial instrument for increasing value of a firm is equity financing, while debt financing is not a good choice, because the later increases risk and decreases value of a firm. Swaps and forwards are used for hedging risks and saving the future. It is concluded that most of the conventional instruments are not prohibited, and they intersect at various points with Islamic financial law. The gap of two systems can be reduced by taking number of steps such as transferring ownership of a leased asset after first installments. Furthermore the gap can also be reduced if shares are offered for purchase of an asset at beginning, and when that asset begins to produce cash flows, then distributing profits equally, but the bank or organization providing services will be provided service charges. Keywords: Islamic Financial Instruments, Conventional Instruments, Sukuk

Environmental Effects of Trade Liberalisation: A Case Study of Pakistan

Within today’s global economy countries now trade more intensively and frequently than in the past. Trade has become an increasingly important global economic activity, with annual trade volumes increasing sixteen fold over the last fifty years and the ratio of world exports to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) now approaching twenty percent. With this recent acceleration of global trade, countries throughout the world have benefited from more investment, industrial development, and employment and income growth. Other positive effects include increased mobility of capital, increased ease of movement of goods and services (and information) across national borders as well as the diffusion of global norms and values, the spread of democracy and international environmental and human rights agreements. Critics of trade liberalisation argue that these much-acclaimed advantages of trade liberalisation (and globalisation) often underrate the impact of globalisation on widening the economic gap between the North and the South. Over the years, attention has been given to the advantages of trade liberalisation and globalisation to the detriment of the disadvantages. The major disadvantage that is always swept under the rug is the environmental problem. Recently, however, there has been an increasing concern over the potential negative impacts of trade liberalisation, particularly on the environmental and natural resources of developing countries

Modernism in the eyes of T.S Eliot: break from traditional writings with literary forms and movements

This paper owes to uncover the modern aspects in the writings of T. S. Eliot. Modernism, a movement which erupts from philosophy and has a “self-conscious” break from traditional writings and worked with literary forms and movements. As a modernist he portrays about the standard of love, money minded people and self centered people. The research is entirely based on T. S. Eliot’s poetry and generalizing its work entirely which required depth study of his work and citation of the critic who entitled T. S. Eliot as a “modernist-poet”. This study is retro-spective which requires depth study in order to relate by the previous work done on generalizing T. S. Eliot as a modernist poet

Categories and Institutional Change: Contesting the Uncontested Space Through National Rankings

The current study aims to examine how and why actors contest the business education field through rankings. Inspired by the field structuration process and field level change, we argue that categorization systems, in this case, rankings, construct boundaries of the business education field and redefine authority and elites for the field. Ten highly ranked Pakistani business schools were selected through a purposive sampling method. For the thematic analysis adopted in the current study, we collected empirical evidence mainly through interviews with the directors of accreditation and ranking bodies, deans, and marketing directors of business schools. The interview data was also supplemented by secondary data such as internal student surveys, business school’s annual reports, and other relevant sources of data. The current study showed institutional work in the business education field. Through categorization systems, actors use their authority to challenge the existing social order and define the uncontested space of the business education field in developing countries. Actors then populate the uncontested space with new members thus legitimizing new rules and standards for the field and promoting new elites for the field thus creating new social order